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1 ἀμοργός
2 ἀνέμων λαμπτῆρας ἀμοργούς lanterns which protect [ the light] from winds, F.mp.84.------------------------------------ἀμοργός (B), ὁ,A = ἀμοργίς, Cratin.96, cf. Paus.Gr.Fr.47, Harp.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀμοργός
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2 ἀμφιβαίνω
A go about or around, ἠέλιος μέσον οὐρανὸν ἀμφιβεβήκει sun in his course had reached mid-heaven, Il.8.68.2 bestride, ἀμφ' ἑνὶ δούρατι βαῖνε he bestrode a beam, Od.5.371,ἵππον ἀ. Call.Del. 113
; ἀ. θηλείαις, of a cock, Babr.5.8: esp.,b of tutelary deities, guard, protect, Χρύσην ἀμφιβέβηκας ib.1.37;δαίμονες ἀμφιβάντες πόλιν A.Th. 175
:—so, of a wild beast, guard its young, Opp.C.3.218; or its prey, X Cyn.10.13.II surround, encompass, c. acc.,νεφέλη σκόπελον ἀμφιβέβηκε Od.12.74
;σὲ πόνος φρένας ἀμφιβέβηκεν Il.6.355
, cf. Od.8.541; ;ὦ μοῖρα.. οἵα με.. ἀμφιβᾶσ' ἔχεις Id.Andr. 1082
: c. dat.,Τρώων νέφος ἀμφιβέβηκε νηυσίν Il.16.66
; ἀ. ἀμφί τι, of a slit bandage which embraces a tender part without pressing on it, Hp.Art.33.2 metaph.,τόδε μοι θράσος ἀμφιβαίνει E.Supp. 609
; ἀμφιβᾶσα φλὸξ οἴνου, metaph. from flame spreading round a vessel on the fire, Alc. 758.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀμφιβαίνω
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3 ἀπαμύνω
ἀπᾰμύνω [ῡ],A keep off, ward off, with collat. notion of defence, τί τινι something for (i.e. from) another,Αἰτωλοῖσιν ἀπήμυνεν κακὸν ἦμαρ Il. 9.597
; ; laterτί τινος Luc.Cyn.13
: c. acc. only,ἀ. τῶν ἐπιόντων κακῶν τὰ ἡμίσεα Hdt.7.120
; ἀ. τὸν βάρβαρον repulse him, 9.90; ;τοὺς ἔξωθεν Pl.R. 415e
.II [voice] Med., keep off from oneself, drive back, repel,ἄνδρ' ἀπαμύνασθαι Od.16.72
; soἀ. μίαν [ναῦν] καὶ ὀλίγψ πλεῦνας Hdt.5.86
;τὴν πενίην καὶ τὴν δεσποσύνην Id.7.102
, cf. 3.110.2 abs., defend, protect oneself,ὁ δ' οὐκ ἀπαμύνετο χερσίν Od.11.579
; πόλις ᾗ ἀπαμυναίμεσθα by which we may protect ourselves, Il.15.738; .Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀπαμύνω
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4 ἐμπάζομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `care about something, for something' (Il.; mostly with negation);Other forms: only pres.Etymology: No good etymology. Connection with ἔμπης `in any case' (s. v.) is semantically difficult. Because of the Swed. expression for `care for something' fästa sig vid något prop. "to attach yourself to" one might think of an original *ἐμ-πάγ-ι̯ομαι, to ἐμ-πᾰγῆναι (Ion. πᾰκ-τός, πᾰκτοῦν). - Not with Lagercrantz KZ 34, 392ff. from *ἔμπω after μαπέειν `take' (formally impossible). Unclear ἐμπαστῆρας μύθων πιστωτάς, μάρτυρας H., which Latte corrects in *ἐμπιστῆρας. - A.Β. (RPh. 70, 1996) connects * peh₂- `protect' (Beekes, Development 173); but cf. Pok. 787 *peh₂k\/g- `fit together'.Page in Frisk: 1,505Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐμπάζομαι
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5 ἔρυμαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `keep off, protect, save' (Il.).Other forms: ( ἔρυσθαι, ἔρῡ-το, - σο), ἐρύομαι ( ἐρύεσθαι, ἐρύετο), also ῥύομαι, inf. ῥῦσθαι, aor. ἐρύσ(σ)ασθαι, ῥύσασθαι, fut. ἐρύσσομαι, ῥύσομαι; also with anlaut. εἰ-: εἴρῡτο, εἰρῠ́-αται, - ατο, - ντο, perhaps reduplicated perfects with present-meaning (inf. εἴρυσθαι); from there resp. through metrical lengthening εἰρύσσασθαι, εἰρύσσονται, εἰρύομαι; cf. also below; aor. pass. ἐρρύσθην (Ev. Luc. 1, 74, 2. Ep. Ti. 4, 17, Hld. 10, 7)Compounds: Details in Schwyzer 681 w. n. 1, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 294f., Bechtel Lex. s. v. As 1. member: ἐρυ- in Έρύ-λαος, Έρύ-μας, - μηλος (also Εὑρυ-, either after εὑρύς or from Ϝερυ- (?); s. below and cf. Specht KZ 59, 36f.); ἐρῠσι- in ἐρυσίπτολις `protecting the town' (Ζ 305 a. e.), ' Ερυσί-χθων (s. v.); Aeol. Εὑρυσί-λαος (cf. above). ῥῡσί- e. g. in ῥῡσί-πολις (A. Th. 129 [lyr.] a. o.).Derivatives: ἔρῠμα n. `defence' (Il.), diminut. ἐρυμάτιον (Luc.); from there ἐρυμν-ός `for defence, protected' (Ion.-Att.) with ἐρυμνότης `defence-force' (X., Arist.), ἐρυμνόω `defend' (Agath.). ἐρυσμός `defence, protection' (h. Cer. 230). ἐρῠ́σιμον ( εἰ- metr. length.) name of a kind of mustard (Thphr., Dsc.), because of its protection (Strömberg Pflanzennamen 81); from *ἔρῠ-σις or directly from verb, cf. Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 20. ῥυ̃̄τήρ m. `protector, watcher' (ρ 187, 223), ῥύ̄τωρ `id.' (A. Th. 318 [lyr.], AP); attempt at a semantic differentiation by Benveniste Noms d'agent 33 and 36. ῥύ̄σιος `saving' (A. Supp. 150 [lyr.], AP), after the adj. in - σιος (Chantraine Formation 41) or from ῥῦσις `saving' ( Epigr. Gr. 200 [Kos], LXX). ῥῦμα `defence' (Hp., trag.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1161] *u̯eru-, *u̯ruH-? `avert, ward off, protect, defend'Etymology: For the assumption of an orig. *Ϝέρυ-μαι speak notably the Skt. nouns varū-tár- m. `protector', várū-tha- n. `defence, protection' (with vr̥ṇóti `avert', Germ., e. g. Goth. warjan ` wehren' etc.). Doubts arise from the absence of a trace of a digamma in Homer; attempts for a solution in Solmsen Unt. 245ff. So we have two ablaut-degrees, Ϝερυ- and Ϝρῡ-, the last certain in εἴρῡται \< *Ϝέ-Ϝρῡ-ται etc. (cf. above), but further with unclear distribution. Esp. the general Ionic present εἰρύομαι, perhaps also for Εὑρυσί-λαος, one is prepared to assume vowel-prothesis, ἐ-Ϝερυ-, ἐ-Ϝρυ-, which is forbidden by modern insights: an unsolved problem. S. Solmsen l. c. - Against connection with Lat. servāre Solmsen l. c.Page in Frisk: 1,568-569Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἔρυμαι
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6 ποιμήν
ποιμήν, - ένοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `herdsman, shepherd', metaph. `guardian, leader, master' (Il.).Dialectal forms: Myc. pome \/poimḗn\/.Compounds: Some compp., e.g. ποιμ-άνωρ = ποιμην ἀνδρῶν with ποιμανόρ-ιον n. `herd, troop of men' (A. Pers. 241 a. 74;); on the explanation Sommer Nominalbild. 182 f.; φιτυ-ποίμην `guardian of plants' (A. Eu. 911).Derivatives: ποιμέν-ιος (AP, APl), earlier a. more often attested - ικός (Pl., hell. poet.) `belonging to herdsmen'; - ισσα f. `shepherdess' (pap. IIIa); ποίμν-η f. `herd, flock of sheep' (ι 122) with - ιον n. `id.' (IA.; - ένιον Opp.), - ιος `belonging to herds' (E.), -ήϊος (Β 470, Hes.; Risch $ 46), - ικός (pap. IIIp), - ίτης (E., Poll.), - ιώτης (sch.) `id.'; - ηθεν adv. `of the herd' (A. R.). Denom. verb ποιμαίνω, rarely w. δια-, συν-, `to be a herdsman, to herd, to pasture', midd. `to graze', of the herd (Il.) with ποιμαν-τήρ = ποιμήν (S.), - τικός = ποιμενικός (Gal., H.), ποιμασία f. `the grazing' (Ph.). -- Besides πῶυ, - εος n. `flock of sheep' (ep.Il.).Etymology: With ποιμήν agrees except fo the ablaut of the suffix in the nom. (IE ē: ō) Lith. piemuõ, gen. -meñs `herderboy' (on the undisputed stemvowel s. Fraenkel Wb. s. v.). Beside the neuter πῶυ (*poh₂-i̯u) stands as nomen ag. Skt. pāyú-, Av. pāyu- m. `herder, protector'. As basis of these primary fomations served a verb `tend (cattle), keep' in Skt. pā́-ti `keep, protect', from where go-pā́- m. `cowherd' a.o. From the 2. members in nr̥-pā́y-(i)ya- `protecting men', nŕ̥-pī-ti- f. `protection of men' we see an orig. `longdiphthong' pōi: pī (rather * peh₂i-, pih₂- \< ph₂i-), which is retained in πῶυ, pāyú- from *poh₂i̯-u-, wih ποιμήν from *poh₂i-mēn. -- WP. 2, 72 w. lit., Pok. 839, Mayrhofer s. pā́ti1; also W.-Hofmann s. pāscō. -- Cf. 1. πῶμα.Page in Frisk: 2,573Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ποιμήν
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7 πῶμα 1
πῶμα 1.Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `lid, cover' of chest, pot, tube etc. (ep. ion. Il., Arist., hell. a. late).Derivatives: πωμ-άτιον n. dimin. (Sor.); - ατίας m. `kind of snail' (Dsc.) and two denominatives: 1. πωμάζω, also m. ἐπι-, περι- a.o. `to cover, close with a lid' (Arist., Hero a.o.) with ἐπιπωμασμός (Eust.) and the backformation ἐπίπωμα `lid' (Gal. a.o.), to which ἐπιπωματικός (sch.); 2. πωματίζω, mostly ἐπι-, περι-, ἀπο-'id.' (Arist., Thphr. a.o.) with ἐπιπωμάτισις (VIp). To this the seemingly primary ἐπιπωμάννυμαι `to be covered' (Hero).Etymology: Old verbal noun from IE *poh₂-mn̥ beside * poh₂-tro-m n. in Skt. pā́tram `case, barrel', Germ., e.g. Goth. fodr `sheath, cover', NHG Futter (of cloth). The primary verb is retained in Skt. pā́-ti `guard, protect' (IE * peh₂-). On the basis of the words belonging to it, ποιμήν, πῶυ (\< *πῶι̯υ) one posited a root with an original long diphthong pōi- (thus Pok. 839); s. ποιμήν w. further lit. (we now know that they had (* peh₂-i-, poh₂-i-).Page in Frisk: 2,635-636Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πῶμα 1
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8 περιέχω
περιέχω, also [suff] περιεργ-ίσχω, Th.5.71; [dialect] Aeol. [full] περρέχω Sapph.Supp.25.9, Theoc.30.3: [tense] fut. περιέξω (andAπερισχήσω Th.5.7
): [tense] aor. περιέσχον, inf. περισχεῖν: [tense] aor. [voice] Med. περιεσχόμην, inf. περισχέσθαι :—encompass, embrace, surround, κυκλόθεν ὁδὸς π. [τὸ χωρίον] Lys.7.28;ἡ περιέχουσα [πέλαγος] γῆ Pl.Ti. 25a
, cf. Arist.Mete. 354a6;γραμμαὶ περιέχουσαι τὸ χωρίον Pl.Men. 85a
, cf.Arist.Mech. 851a14;ἡ περιέχουσα [ἶρις] Id.Mete. 375a31
;τόπον κύκλῳ πέτραις περιεχόμενον IG42(1).122.21
(Epid.); τὸ περιέχον the envelope of a seed, Thphr.HP1.11.1.b esp. of that which encompasses the earth or the universe, τὸν κόσμον πνεῦμα καὶ ἀὴρ π. Anaxim.2;ὁ περὶ χθόν' ἔχων αἰθήρ E.Fr. 919
(s.v.l.), cf. Thphr.CP3.17.4; , cf. 33b; τὸ περιέχον the environment, Epicur.Nat.79 G.,al., Plot.2.3.14;τὸ περιέχον ἡμᾶς ἅπαντας καὶ γῆν καὶ θάλατταν, ὃ καλοῦμεν οὐρανόν Str. 16.2.35
; ὁ περιέχων ἀήρ ἠήρ) Hp. Lex 3, Arist. Mete. 379a28, D.H.3.47, Plu.2.333f, etc.; ὁ περιέχων alone, Id.Cor.38; but usu. τὸ περιέχον, Anaxag.2, Arist.Juv. 468a3, Ptol.Phas.p.10 H., S.E.M.8.286; τὸ ἄπειρον καὶ τὸ π. Arist.GC 332a25, cf. Ph. 253a13, 259b11;φαμὲν τὸ μὲν π. τοῦ εἴδους εἶναι, τὸ δὲ περιεχόμενον τῆς ὕλης Id.Cael. 312a12
, cf. Ph. 211b12.c τὸ π. the atmosphere, Plb.1.37.9, D.S.4.38, etc.; δυσκρασίαι τοῦ π. Plu.Alex.58.2 embrace, τινὰ ταῖς χερσίν Id Ant. 79, cf. Alex.51, Philostr.VS2.5.3;πατρὸς περὶ ἔχοντος Simon. 115.1
.3 surround so as to guard, Plu.Caes.16, etc.:—but, [voice] Pass., to be shut in, beleaguered, Hdt.8.10; ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίων κύκλῳ ib.79; πανταχόθεν ib.80, cf. X.Cyr.7.1.24 : metaph., to be hard pressed, Men. Epit. 289;περισχομένη κακότητι A.R.3.95
.4 embrace, comprise, comprehend, Pl.Men. 87d, etc.;πλείω γένη Arist.Pol. 1285a2
;περιέχεται ὑπὸ τοῦ ὅλου τὰ πάντα Pl.Prm. 145c
; contain,βίβλος π. τὰς πράξεις D.S.2.1
;λόγος π. ἐγκώμιον Men.660
; of a letter, J.AJ12.4.11: impers., περιέχει ἐν γραφῇ, folld. by a quotation, 1 Ep.Pet.2.6; καθὼς ἡ ὠνὴ π. as is contained in the deed of sale, Supp.Epigr.3.421.33 ([dialect] Locr., ii A.D.).b in Logic, τὸ περιέχον universal, opp. τὰ περιεχόμενα, the individuals or particulars, Arist.Metaph. 1023b27, cf. APr. 43b23; ὀνόματα περιέχοντα generic terms, Id.Rh. 1407a31; καλοῦσι δ' αὐτοὺς πλάτακας ἀπὸ τοῦ περιέχοντος from the generic name, Ath.7.309a.5 Math., ὁ ὑπὸ δύο ἀριθμῶν περιεχόμενος [ἀριθμός] the product of two numbers, Euc.7 Def.19; but π. ἑαυτόν, of a number of which a higher power terminates in the same digit, Theol.Ar.33.6 τὸν ἔλεγχον π. to be involved in, open to criticism, Phld.Rh.1.49 S.II surpass, excel, πάντα περρέχοισ' ἄστρα, of the moon, Sapph. Supp.25.9; overcome, gain the victory or advantage, Th.5.7,8.105.III [voice] Med., hold one's hands round or over another: hence, protect, defend, c. gen. pers., περίσχεο ([dialect] Ion. imper. [tense] aor. 2 [voice] Med.)παιδὸς ἐῆος Il.1.393
: c. acc.,οὕνεκά μιν περισχόμεθα Od.9.199
.2 hold fast by, cling to, c. gen.,γούνων περισχομένη A.R.4.82
(but c. acc.,περίσχετο γούνατα χερσίν Id.3.706
);περιίσχετο κούρης Mosch.2.11
: hence, cleave to, be fond of a person or thing, , cf. 3.53, 5.40, 7.39, 160, etc.; τὠυτοῦ περιεχόμεθα we are compassing, aiming at the same end, Id.3.72, cf. Plu.Them.9; κρίσιν.. ἧς μᾶλλον περιέχομαι on which I place more reliance, Alciphr.2.4.3 rarely c. inf., περιείχετο.. μένοντας μὴ ἐκλιπεῖν τὴν τάξιν clung to his resolution that they should stay and not leave their post, Hdt.9.57.IV [dialect] Aeol. περρέχω, = ὑπερέχω, ὁπόσον τῷ ποδὶ περρέχει τᾶς γᾶς, τοῦτο χάρις, i.e. every inch of his stature is grace, Theoc.30.3.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > περιέχω
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9 ἐξουσία
ἐξουσία, ας, ἡ (Soph., Thu.+; ins, pap, LXX, En, pseudepigr., Philo, Joseph., Just.; Tat. 30, 1; Mel., P. 104, 810 [Bodm.]) from ἔξεστιν.① a state of control over someth., freedom of choice, right (e.g., the ‘right’ to act, decide, or dispose of one’s property as one wishes: BGU 1158, 13 [9 B.C.] = Mitt-Wilck. II/2, 234, 13 legal t.t., esp. in wills: POxy 272, 13; BGU 183, 25 ἔχειν αὐτὴν τὴν ἐ. τῶν ἰδίων πάντων; PTebt 319, 21.—Sir 30:11) ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν have the right 2 Th 3:9 (Just., D 16, 4). W. inf. foll. (Teles p. 23, 14; 24, 11; Tob 2:13 S; 7:10 S) J 10:18; 1 Cor 9:4ff; Hb 13:10; Rv 13:5; B 4:2. W. obj. gen. foll. (τίς οὖν ἔτι ἔχει μου ἐξουσίαν; Epict. 3, 24, 70; διδόναι ἐξουσίαν τῶν πετεινῶν Did., Gen. 61, 24) εἰ ἄλλοι τῆς ὑμῶν ἐ. μετέχουσι 1 Cor 9:12. Also ἐ. ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον τῆς ζωῆς the right to the tree of life Rv 22:14. W. verbs of two constr. ἔχει ἐ. ὁ κεραμεὺς τοῦ πηλοῦ ἐκ τοῦ αὐτοῦ φυράματος the potter has a right over the clay, to make fr. the same lump Ro 9:21. ἐ. ἔχειν περί τινος (4 Macc 4:5) be at liberty w. regard to a thing (opp. ἀνάγκην ἔχειν) 1 Cor 7:37; cp. 8:9; ἐ. ἐν τ. εὐαγγελίῳ a right in the gospel 9:18. ἐν τῇ σῇ ἐ. ὑπῆρχεν was at your disposal Ac 5:4 (Esth 4:17b; Appian, Liby. 52 §226 ἐν ἐ. εἶναι τί τινι=someth. is at someone’s disposal, is within one’s power).② potential or resource to command, control, or govern, capability, might, power (on capacity for someth. cp. Did., Gen. 162, 5: ἡ προσαιρέσεως ἐξουσία; cp. 1 Esdr 4:28, 40; 2 Macc 7:16 the king can do what he pleases because he has the capability for doing so) ἡ ἐ. τ. ἵππων ἐν τ. στόματι αὐτῶν ἐστιν Rv 9:19; cp. vs. 3; 13:2, 4; 18:1; Mt 9:8; Ac 8:19. W. inf. foll. to indicate the thing that one is able to do (En 25:4 ἅψασθαι; Diod S 4, 52, 4 ἀμύνασθαι εἶχεν ἐξουσίαν; Mel., P. 104 πάντα κρίνει); ἐκβάλλειν τ. δαιμόνια [b]Mk 3:15. ἐμβαλεῖν εἰς τ. γέενναν Lk 12:5; cp. J 1:12; 7:1 v.l.; Rv 9:10; 11:6. W. gen. of the inf. foll. τοῦ πατεῖν ἐπάνω ὄφεων Lk 10:19; ποιεῖν ἐ. exercise power Rv 13:12. ἐ. ἔχειν τινός have power over someone (Epict. 4, 12, 8) GPt 3:7; ἑαυτοῦ IPol 7:3; also ἐ. ἔχειν ἐπί τινος Rv 20:6; cp. AcPl Ha 1, 3. Esp. of God’s power (Theodor. Prodr. 5, 313 ἡ θεῶν ἐ.; Da 4:17; Jos., Ant. 5, 109; 18, 214) Lk 12:5 (cp. 2 Cl 5:4); Ac 1:7; Jd 25; Hs 9, 23, 4. πάντων τ. ἐξουσίαν power over all Hm 4, 1, 11; Hs 9, 28, 8. πᾶσα ἡ ἐ. 5, 7, 3 (En 9:5). τὴν κατὰ πάντων ἐ. MPol. 2:1. τέλους ἐ. power over the end PtK 2 p. 13, 22. ἐ. ἐπὶ τ. πληγάς control over the plagues Rv 16:9. Also of Satan’s power Ac 26:18; ending of Mk in the Freer ms.; B 2:1.—The power that comes fr. God can involve transcendent knowledge, and both may be expressed by ἐ. (Herm. Wr. 1, 13; 14; 32). So his hearers conclude fr. Jesus’ teaching that he must have ἐ. (i.e. it is not necessary for him to first ask what the traditional practice or interpretation requires) Mk 1:22 (‘license’ of a Jewish teacher L-S-J-M Suppl., ’68; against this AArgyle, ET 80, ’68/69, 343); cp. Mt 7:29 (Rtzst., Poim. 48, 3, Mysterienrel.3 302; 363; JStarr, HTR 23, 1930, 302–5; HWindisch, Pls. u. Christus ’34, 151ff; DDaube, JTS 39, ’38, 45–59; HFlowers, ET 66, ’55, 254 [‘like a king’]; DHudson, ET 67, ’55/56, 17; JCoutts, JTS 8, ’57, 111–18 [Jesus and the 12]). The prep. expr. κατʼ ἐξουσίαν in accordance w. knowledge and power Mk 1:27 and ἐν ἐ. Lk 4:32 belong to this classification; cp. 4:36. The close relation of ἐ. w. ‘gnosis’ and teaching also B 18:1.—But it is not always possible to draw a hard and fast line betw. this sense and③ the right to control or command, authority, absolute power, warrant (Sextus 36: the πιστός has ἐ. fr. God) ἐ. καὶ ἐπιτροπή (cp. Ps.-Pla., Defin. p. 415c ἐξουσία, ἐπιτροπὴ νόμου) authority and commission Ac 26:12. ἐν ποίᾳ ἐξουσίᾳ ταῦτα ποιεῖς; by whose authority are you doing this? Mt 21:23, 24, 27; Mk 11:28, 29, 33; Lk 20:2, 8. ἐ. διδόναι τινί put someone in charge (Diod S 13, 36, 2; 14, 81, 6; cp. Vi. Aesopi G 11 p. 39, 6 P.; En 9:7; TestJob 3:6; Jos., Ant. 2, 90; 20, 193) Mk 13:34; PtK 2 p. 14, 13. οἷς ἔδωκεν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου τὴν ἐ. to whom he gave rights over the Gospel (for its proclamation) B 8:3. ὅτι τὸ ἄρχειν ἐξουσίας ἐστίν that ruling depends on authority 6:18. Of apostolic authority 2 Cor 10:8; 13:10; ISm 4:1. Of Jesus’ total authority Mt 28:18 (cp. Herm. Wr. 1, 32; Da 7:14; DStanley, CBQ 29, ’67, 555–73); Hs 5, 6, 1. W. gen. of the one who has authority ἐ. τοῦ Χριστοῦ Rv 12:10 (Just., A I, 40, 7). W. gen. of that over which the authority is exercised (Diod S 2, 27, 3; IDefixWünsch 4, 21; Ps 135:8, 9; Wsd 10:14; Sir 17:2; Jos., Vi. 190) ἐ. πνευμάτων ἀκαθάρτων over the unclean spirits Mt 10:1; Mk 6:7; cp. J 17:2; Hm 4, 3, 5; PtK 2 p. 14, 13; 1 Cl 61:2; ISm 4:1; τούτου τοῦ λαοῦ Hs 8, 3, 3. Also ἐπί w. acc. (cp. Sir 33:20) Lk 9:1; cp. Rv 6:8; 13:7. Likew. ἐπί w. gen. (cp. Da 3:97) Rv 2:26; 11:6b; 14:18. παρά τινος (also ἀπό τινος Orig., C. Cels. 2, 13, 56) indicates the source of the authority (s. παρά A3b) Ac 9:14; 26:10; Hs 5, 6, 4 (restored from the Lat.; ἐ. λαμβάνειν as Diod S 11, 42, 6; TestJob 8:2f; 16:4; Vi. Aesopi G 11 p. 39, 4 P.) and κατά τινος the one against whom it is directed (TestJob 16:2 κατʼ ἐμοῦ; 8:2 κατὰ τῶν ὑπαρχόντων μου ‘over my possessions’; Sb 8316, 6f κύριε Σάραπι δὸς αὐτῷ κατεξουσίαν κατὰ τῶν ἐχθρῶν αὐτοῦ; Orig., C. Cels. 7, 43, 25) J 19:11 (HvCampenhausen, TLZ 73, ’48, 387–92); B 4:13. W. pres. inf. foll. (cp. X., Mem. 2, 6, 24 and 35; Diod S 12, 75, 4; 1 Macc 10:35; 11:58; Jos., Ant. 4, 247) Mt 9:6; Mk 2:10; Lk 5:24; J 5:27. W. aor. inf. foll. (Jdth 8:15; 1 Esdr 8:22; 1 Macc 1:13) 19:10. Foll. by gen. of the pres. inf. (4 Macc 5:15) Hm 12, 4, 2.—RDillon, ‘As One Having Authority’ (Mark 1:22): CBQ 57, ’95, 92–113.④ power exercised by rulers or others in high position by virtue of their office, ruling power, official power (Ps.-Pla., Alc. 1, 135b al.; LXX; Jos., Bell. 2, 140, Vi. 80) ἐ. ὡς βασιλεύς Rv 17:12f (Diod S 2, 45, 1 βασιλικὴν ἐ. ἔχειν; 14, 32, 5 ἐ. λαμβάνειν); ἐ. τοῦ ἡγεμόνος Lk 20:20; cp. J 19:10f, s. 3 above. ἐ. ἐπάνω δέκα πόλεων Lk 19:17. ἄνθρωπος ὑπὸ ἐξουσίαν τασσόμενος a man under authority 7:8 (MFrost, ET 45, ’34, 477f); cp. Mt 8:9; Hs 1:3.—The power of a particular office (Diod S 1, 70, 1; 14, 113, 6 ἡ ὑπατικὴ ἐξουσία; Plut., Mar. 406 [2, 1], Caes. 734 [58, 1]) ἐπαρχικὴ ἐ. the power of prefect Phlm subscr.ⓐ human authorities, officials, government (Dionys. Hal. 8, 44; 11, 32; POxy 261, 15) Lk 12:11 (here and elsewh. in NT w. ἀρχή, as also in Pla.); Ro 13:1, 2, 3 (with 13:1b cp. the express. ‘ancient saying’ [s. Hes., Theogony 96 ἐκ δὲ Διὸς βασιλῆες. On this HFränkel, Dichtung u. Philos. des frühen Griechentums ’62, 111 n. 6] in Artem. 2, 36 p. 135, 24; 2, 69 p. 161, 17 τὸ κρατοῦν δύναμιν ἔχει θεοῦ=the ruling power has its authority from God; Wsd 6:3; Jos., Bell. 2, 140 οὐ δίχα θεοῦ περιγενέσθαι τινὶ τὸ ἄρχειν … ἐξουσίαν); Tit 3:1. For the view that the ἐ. of Ro 13 are spirit powers, as b below, s. OCullmann, Christ and Time (tr. Filson) ’50, 191–210.—On the subj. in gener. s. LGaugusch, D. Staatslehre d. Ap. Pls nach Ro 13: ThGl 5, ’34, 529–50; JUitman, Onder Eig. Vaandel 15, ’40, 102–21; HvCampenhausen, ABertholet Festschr. ’50, 97–113; OCullmann, Zur neuesten Diskussion über die ἐξουσίαι in Rö 13:1: TZ 10, ’54, 321–36, D. Staat im NT ’612 (Eng. tr.: The State in the NT ’56, 93–114); against him AStrobel, ZNW 47, ’56, 67–93.—GCaird, Princip. and Powers ’56; RMorgenthaler TZ 12, ’56, 289–304; CMorrison, The Powers That Be ’60; EBarnikol, Rö 13. Der nichtpaulinische Ursprung der absoluten Obrigkeitsbejahung v. Rö 13:1–7 ’61, 65–133; HSchlier, Principalities and Powers in the NT ’61 (Eng. tr.); MBorg, NTS 19, ’72/73, 205–18. οἱ ἐπʼ ἐξουσίαν ἀχθέντες those who are brought before the authorities Hs 9, 28, 4.ⓑ of transcendent rulers and functionaries: powers of the spirit world (TestLevi 3:8; TestSol 20:15 B), sg. (w. ἀρχή and δύναμις) 1 Cor 15:24; Eph 1:21; Col 2:10. Pl. (w. ἀρχαί as Just., D. 41, 1; cp. Orig., C. Cels. 4, 29, 22) Eph 3:10; 6:12; Col 1:16; 2:15; (w. ἄγγελοι, δυνάμεις) 1 Pt 3:22. Cp. the v.l. for ἄρχειν Papias (4).⑥ the sphere in which power is exercised, domain (4 Km 20:13; Ps 113:2) Lk 4:6. ἐκ τ. ἐξουσίας Ἡρῴδου ἐστίν he comes fr. Herod’s jurisdiction 23:7. ἐ. τοῦ σκότους domain of darkness 22:53; Col 1:13 (opp. the βασιλεία of Christ). Hence ἐ. τοῦ ἀέρος simply domain of the air Eph 2:2; s. ἀήρ 2b.⑦ Various opinions are held about the mng. of 1 Cor 11:10 ὀφείλει ἡ γυνὴ ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς διὰ τοὺς ἀγγέλους. Many now understand it as a means of exercising power (cp. δύναμις 1b.—It is abstract for concrete, as βασιλεία [1] in Diod S 1, 47, 5: a stone figure ἔχουσα τρεῖς βασιλείας ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς=that wears three symbols of royal power [diadems] on its head), that is to say, the veil (κάλυμμα is v.l. for ἐ. here; s. critical apparatus in N.) by which women at prayer (when they draw near to the heavenly realm) protect themselves fr. the amorous glances of certain angels. But the veil may also have been simply a symbol of womanly dignity, esp. befitting a Christian woman, and esp. in the presence of holy angels (s. Cadbury below).—WWeber, ZWT 46, 1903, 487–99; Dibelius, Geisterwelt 12–23 al.; EFehrle, Die kultische Keuschheit im Altertum1910, 39; RPerdelwitz, StKr 86, 1913, 611–13; LBrun, ZNW 14, 1913, 298–308; GKittel, Rabbinica 1920, 17ff; Billerb. III 423–35; KBornhäuser, NKZ 41, 1930, 475–88; WFoerster, ZNW 30, ’31, 185f; MGinsburger, RHPR 12, ’32, 245–47; OMotta, ET 44, ’33, 139–41; CSpicq, RB 48, ’39, 557–62; EBlakeney, ET 55, ’44, 138; SLösch, TQ 127, ’47, 216–61; JFitzmyer, NTS 3, ’57, 48–58; HCadbury, HTR 51, ’58, 1f (Qumran parallels); MHooker, NTS 10, ’64, 410–16; AIsaksson, Marriage and Ministry in the NT ’65, 176–81; GSchwartz, ZNW 70, ’79, 249 (Aramaic background).—LCerfaux et JTondriau, Un Concurrent du Christianisme, ’57. S. on ἄγγελος 2c.—V.l. for ἄρχειν Papias (4).—DELG s.v. εἰμί. New Docs 2, 83f. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv. -
10 προέχω
προέχω, [var] contr. [full] προὔχω, as always in Hom., exc. Od.12.11 (v. infr. B), also in S. and Th.: [tense] fut. προέξω: [tense] aor. προέσχον, [voice] Med. προεσχόμην, προὐσχόμην, cf. προΐσχω:—A hold before,τὴν ἀσπίδα τῆς κωλῆς Ar.Nu. 989
; esp. so as to protect another,τὼ χεῖρε π. X.Cyr.2.3.10
:—[voice] Med., hold before oneself, ; hold out before one,πρὸ δούρατ' ἔχοντο Il.17.355
, cf. Hdt.2.42; προὐσχόμην σε held you out as a child (to do your needs), Ar.Nu. 1385.2 metaph. in [voice] Med., put forward as a pretext,τάδ' ἂν προὔχοιο S.Ant.80
; ὅπερ μάλιστα προὔχονται εἰ καθαιρεθείη, μὴ ἂν γίγνεσθαι τὸν πόλεμον the cancellation of which is the chief consideration in return for which they pretend that war would not occur, Th.1.140.II to be possessed or informed of a thing beforehand,π. τῶν Ἀθηναίων οὐ φιλίας γνώμας Hdt.9.4
, cf. D.S.31.27, D.C. 43.3.2 have before, ἃ προεῖχεν μισθῷ ὁ.. Πτολεμαῖος had hitherto on lease, BGU889.9 (ii A.D.), cf. Sammelb.5672.5 (ii A.D.), etc.; εἰς τοῦτο ὑπολόγησον ὃ προέχουσι what they have already received, PPetr.2p.32(iii B.C.): abs., ὁ προέχων the first recipient, Arist.EN 1164b9.B intr., jut out, project, in Hom. in a local sense, of headlands, towers, hills,ὅθ' ἀκρότατος πρόεχ' ἀκτή Od.12.11
, cf. 10.90;ἐπ' ἠϊόνας προὐχούσας 6.138
;πύργῳ ἐπὶ προὔχοντι Il.22.97
;ἐπὶ προὔχοντι μελάθρῳ Od.19.544
;ἀκτὴ προέχουσα ἐς τὸν πόντον Hdt.4.177
, cf. Th. 4.109,6.97;τὸ προὔχον τῆς ἐμβολῆς Id.2.76
: generally, project, c. gen.,προέχουσα κάρης εὐρεῖα καλύπτρη Call.Fr. 125
.II in running, to be the first, have the start, Il.23.325: c. gen., ἡμέρης ὁδῷ π. τῶν Περσέων keep ahead of them by a day's march, Hdt.4.120; προέχων τῶν ἄλλων [ ὁ ἵππος] getting before the rest, Id.9.22; τῇ κεφαλῇ π. beat by a head, in racing, X.Cyr.4.3.16: of Time, προεῖχε [ ἡ τριήρης] ἡμέρᾳ καὶ νυκτί started first by.., Th.3.49;π. εἴκοσιν ἔτεσιν Pl.Lg. 879c
: metaph., have the advantage of,τινὸς τῷ διπλασίῳ Antipho3.3.2
.2 of rank, c. gen., δήμου προὔχουσιν they are the first or chief of the people, h.Cer. 151; τοῦ Δωρικοῦ, τοῦ Ἰωνικοῦ [ γένεος], Hdt.1.56: abs., to be superior, Th.1.39, 3.82; to all that is eminent,Id.
3.84; οἱ προὔχοντες the chief men, Id.5.17; οἱ π. [ βίοι] the principal kinds of lives, Arist.EN 1095b18.3 surpass, excel, Th.7.66: freq. c. gen., τὸ Ἄργος π. ἅπασι τῶν ἐν τῇ.. χώρῃ in all things, Hdt.1.1, cf. 32; (lyr.);πολὺ προὔχουσα θεάων Call.Del. 218
;π. αὐτέων τοσοῦτον ὅσον.. Hdt.2.136
;πολλῷ π. Id.3.82
; π. δυνάμει, πλήθει καὶ ἐμπειρίᾳ, Th.1.18, 121;τοσοῦτον ἐκείνων μεγέθει π. Luc.Musc.Enc.1
: also π. τινὸς τιμήν to be preferred to him in honour, S.Ant. 208;π. ἔν τινος λαμπρότητι Th.6.16
;μικρὸν π. ἐν τοῖς μεγάλοις μᾶλλον ἢ πολὺ διαφέρειν ἐν τοῖς μικροῖς Isoc.10.5
;κατά τι Luc.Am.30
.b rarely c. acc. pers., X.An.3.2.19(nisi secl. [ ἡμᾶς]):—[voice] Pass., to be excelled,οὐθὲν π. ὑπὸ τοῦ Διός Plu.2.1038d
; to be in worse case, Ep.Rom.3.9.III impers., οὔ τι προέχει it is of no advantage, c. inf., Hdt.9.27. -
11 ὑπερέχω
Aὑπείρεχον Il.2.426
: [tense] aor. ὑπερέσχον, and in poet. form -έσχεθον, 11.735,24.374: [tense] fut.- έξω PCair.Zen.60.6
(iii B. C.), Hsch.:—hold over, σπλάγχνα.. ὑπείρεχον Ἡφαίστοιο held them over the fire, Il.2.426;μου τὸ σκιάδειον ὑπέρεχε Ar.Av. 1508
;ἡμῶν ὑπερεῖχε τὴν χύτραν Id.Eq. 1176
; ὑπερέχοντα τὸν αὐλὸν τῆς θαλάσσης holding it up out of the sea, Arist.HA 537b1.2 ὑ. χεῖρά (χεῖράς) τινος hold one's hand over him, so as to protect, , 687;τις.. ἐμεῖο θεῶν ὑπερέσχεθε χεῖρα 24.374
;Ζεὺς τῆσδε πόληος ὑπειρέχοι.. χεῖρα Thgn.757
; so (lyr.), cf. Fr.199.7: c. dat. pers.,οἱ.. ὑπείρεχε χεῖρας Ἀπόλλων Il. 5.433
; , cf. Od.14.184.3 hold above, ὑ. τὸ ῥύγχος, ὅπως ἀναπνέῃ, of the dolphin, Arist.HA 589b11, cf. 566b15, 599b27, al.;ὑ. ὀφρύν
elevate,AP
5.298 (Agath.).II intr., to be above, rise above the horizon,εὖτ' ἀστὴρ ὑπερέσχε φαάντατος Od.13.93
; αὐτῆς [Αἰγύπτου] εἶναι οὐδὲν ὑπερέχον no part of it was above water, Hdt.2.4; ὕδωρ,.. ὃ μόλις ὑπερέχοντες ἐπεραιώθησαν which they crossed, with their heads only just above it, Th.3.23; ἕψεται ἄχρι ἂν ὑπερέχῃ τὸ ὕδωρ till it sticks out above the water, Dsc.3.7; but ἐπιχέας ὕδωρ ὥστε ὑπερέχειν till it covers (sc. the contents of the vessel), Id.5.87; projecting above the ground,Hdt.
2.41; γεῖσον.. ὑπερέχον τρία ἡμιπόδια projecting a foot and a half, IG22.1668.34, cf. 7.3073.71 (Lebad., ii B.C.): c. gen., ὑπερέσχεθε γαίης rose above, overlooked the earth, Il.11.735;ὄμμ' ὑπερσχὸν ἴτυος E.Ph. 1384
;[σταυροὺς] οὐχ ὑπερέχοντας τῆς θαλάσσης Th.7.25
; , cf. X.An.3.5.7;ὤφθη.. ὁ δεξιὸς ὀφθαλμὸς ὑπερέχειν θατέρου παμπόλλῳ δή τινι Gal.18(2).301
.2 overtop, be prominent above, στάντων μὲν Μενέλαος ὑπείρεχεν εὐρέας ὤμους, i. e. stood (head and) shoulders above them, Il.3.210; .ζ, cf. Arist.Pol. 1284a37; .έ, cf. X.Cyr. 6.2.17; <ᾡ> ὁ πρῶτος ὅρος ὑ. τοῦ δευτέρου.. μέρει by the fraction by which the first term exceeds the second, Archyt.2: τὸ ὑπερέχον the excess, Dioph.1.6.3 in military phrase, outflank,τῶν πολεμίων ὑ. τῷ κέρατι X.HG4.2.18
, cf. Th.3.107.4 metaph., c. acc., overtop, excel, outdo,βροτῶν πάντων ὑπερσχὼν ὄλβον A.Pers. 709
(troch.);σωφροσύνῃ πάντας ὑ. E.Hipp. 1365
(anap.);πελταστικῷ εἰκὸς ὑ. τὴν ἡμετέραν δύναμιν X.HG6.1.9
.b c. gen.,πάντων ὑ. μεγέθει καὶ ἀρετῇ Pl.Ti. 24e
, cf. Prm. 150e, Grg. 475c;ὑ. τῶν πολλῶν D.23.206
, cf. Ep.Phil.2.3;ἁπάντων ὑπερέχουσι τῶν κακῶν Anaxil. 22.7
(troch.).c abs., prevail,θεῶν ὑπερέσχε νόος Thgn.202
; οἱ ὑπερσχόντες the more powerful, A.Pr. 215;τῶν πόλεων αἱ ὑπερέχουσαι Isoc.4.95
; those in authority,D.L.
6.78, cf. Vett.Val. 61.30, al.; has prevailed,D.
9.69; ἐν τοῖς πολεμίοις ὑ. excel in.., Men.642; ἐνδέχεται.. μὴ τοσοῦτον ὑ. τῷ ποσῷ, ὅσον λείπεσθαι τῷ ποιῷ exceed so much.., Arist.Pol. 1296b23; ὑπὲρ ὧν πλειονάκι ἐντετευχυιῶν ὑπερέχων ἡμᾶς ἀπράκτους καθίστησι being too strong for us, Sammelb.4638.18 (ii B. C.); πᾶν κρύφιον οὐχ ὑπερεῖχε σέ was beyond thee (i. e. thy comprehension), Thd.Ez.28.3.d [voice] Pass., to be outdone, , 102d; ;κατὰ πλοῦτον ὑπερέχειν κατ' ἀρετὴν δ' ὑπερέχεσθαι Arist.Pol. 1281a7
, cf. Gal.15.805.5 in Logic, have a wider extension, Arist.APo. 99a24, cf. Rh. 1363b8 ([voice] Act. and [voice] Pass.).6 ἐπὶ τοῖς ὑπερέχουσι δανεῖσαι to lend on the security of excess value, of a second mortgage, SIG364.33 (Ephesus, iii B. C.).III c. gen. rei, rise above, be able to bear,τῆς ἀντλίας Ar. Pax17
;τῶν ἀναλωμάτων D.S.4.80
(v.l. for ὑπερεῖδον).IV have over, ὑπερέχει he has in hand, PCair.Zen.292.498, cf. 790.25 (iii B. C.); ὑπερέξομεν πρὸς τὸ διὰ χερός ib.355.93 (iii B. C.).—Cf. ὑπερίσχω.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὑπερέχω
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12 ἀλέξω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `ward off, defend' (Il.).Compounds: As first member ἀλεξ(ι-), e.g. in ἀλεξί-κακος (Hom.); also Άλέξανδρος, from which comes the Hittite rendering Alakšanduš (Kretschmer Glotta 13, 205ff., 21, 244ff., 24, 242ff., 33, 22f.); Sommer's view that it is in origin Anatolian (IF 55, 187ff., Nominalkomp., esp. 186ff., is now abandoned).Derivatives: ἀλέκτωρ, from which ἀλεκτρυών is derived (q.v.). - From the stem with - η- (cf. ἀλεξήσω): e.g. ἀλεξητήρ `defender' (Hom.) and ἀλεξήτωρ (S.);Etymology: Beside ἀλεξ- there is the stem ἀλκ-, see ἀλκ-ή. They continue * h₂(e)lk-: * h₂lek-s. On the meanings s. Holt Les noms d'action en - σις 78. ἀλέξ- agrees exactly with Skt. rákṣati `protect'.Page in Frisk: 1,69-70Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀλέξω
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13 ἔρχατος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: φραγμός H.Other forms: Also ἕρκατος φραγμός, ἑρκάτη φυλακή.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: In itself the change κ\/χ might point to a Pre-Greek word. One may have been influenced by ἔρκος (s.v.). There is also ἑρκάνη, ὁρκάνη. Latte corrects ἑρκάτη in ἑρκάνη, which is in any case too uncertain. Cf. also ὄρχατος `orchard'; perhaps adapted to ἐρχατόωντο (ξ 15), which belongs to εἴργω; s. v. - Acc. to Fraenkel KZ 72, 193ff. to Lith. sérgėti `protect, guard'.Page in Frisk: 1,572Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἔρχατος
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14 ῥυθμός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: = ἡ τῆς κινήσεως τάξις (Pl. Lg. 665a), `regular movement, beat, rhythm, measure, consistence, proportion, form' (IA., Archil., Thgn., A.).Other forms: Ion. ῥυσμός.Compounds: Often as 2. member, e.g. εὔ-ρυθμος `with a beautifully regular movement, rhythmically, well-proportioned' with - ία f. (Att.).Derivatives: ῥυθμ-ικός `rhythmic' (Pl.; Chantraine Études 135), - ιος `id.' (Hdn. Gr.); - ίζω, also w. prefix, esp. μετα-, `to make regular, to organise, to set up, to instruct, to form' (IA.), - έω `to organise, to determine' (Athen Va), - όομαι `to develop' (Democr. 197 [- σμ-]; - όω uncertain ibd. 33).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1003] *sreu̯- `stream'Etymology: Already the shortness of the ῠ (e.g. A. Ch. 797) makes the connection with ἔρυμαι, ῥύομαι `avert, protect' with ῥῡτήρ `protector, guardian' (Leemans Ant. class. 17, 403ff., Renehan ClassPhil. 58, 36f. after Jaeger Paideia 1, 174f. [prop. "keep in bonds"]) or with ἐρύω `draw' with ῥῡτήρ `rein' (Krogmann KZ 71, 110f. after Hirt), which is also semant. not very evident, quite improbable. For the old explanation from ῥέω `flow, stream', against which rightly Benveniste Journ. de psych. norm. et pathol. 44 (1951) 401 ff., Wolf WienStud. 68, 99 ff. (with survey of other interpretations), Porzig Satzinhalte 237. So orig. meaning "streaming, stream" as symbol of a quiet and even movement (cf. Curtius 353). On the meaning of ῥυθμός still E. Wolf Bed. von ῥυθμός bei Platon (Diss. Innsbruck 1947), Leemans l.c., Waltz Rev. et. lat. 26, 109 ff. ( ῥυθμός and numerus). S. also C. Sandoz, Les noms grecs de la forme (Neuchâtel 1971) 58-77.Page in Frisk: 2,664-665Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥυθμός
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15 παραφυλάσσω
A watch beside, guard closely, of soldiers in garrison, χώραν, πόλιν, Plb.4.3.7, etc. ([voice] Med., Id.5.92.8): metaph.,π. τὴν ἐλευθερίαν Id.2.58.2
; τισὶ τὸ ἀνεπηρέαστον protect, maintain their immunity, POxy.1106.4 (vi A.D.) : abs., to be on guard, Plu. Galb.20.2 watch, observe narrowly,τὸ τῆς νεὼς.. ἀεὶ ξυμφέρον Pl.Plt. 297a
; τὸν φαῦλον παραφυλάττειν δεῖ, μή .. Democr.87 ; π. ἀλλήλους, ἐὰν.. X.Lac.4.4 ; καιρὸν π. ἐν ᾧ .. watch for a time at which.., Plu.2.775e ; ἀπ' ὀφθαλμοῦ π. [τινά] keep one in sight, of a dog following and watching a person, ib.969f.3 watch so as to secure,π.[τινὰς] ὥστε εἶναι φίλους Pl.Lg. 628a
; π. αὑτόν, μὴ .. to be on one's guard, lest.., Plu.2.418d:—[voice] Med., to be on one's guard, Arist.Pr. 951a18 ; π. τι stand on one's guard against, Plb.16.14.10.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > παραφυλάσσω
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16 χελώνη
χελών-η, ἡ,A tortoise, h.Merc.42,48, Orac. ap. Hdt.1.47,48; χ. χερσαία (cf. infr.2) Arist.PA 671a28: prov. of insensibility, , cf. 429 (lyr.), S.Fr. 279, Luc.Vit.Auct.9; of slowness, Plu.2.1082e, Lib.Ep.74.1, etc.2ποντιὰς χ.
turtle,Crates Com.
29;χ. θαλασσία Arist.
l.c., cf. 540a29, Ael.VH1.6, Paus. 1.44.8.II tortoise-shell, Ph.2.478.2 sounding-board of lyre, Plu.2.1030b.III pent-house or shed for protecting beseigers,χ. ξυλίνη X.HG3.1.7
, cf. Aen.Tact.32.11; χ. χωστρίς, used to protect sappers and miners, Plb.9.41.1, 10.31.8, Onos.42.3; κριοφόρος, to cover the battering-ram, D.S.20.48, etc., cf. App.Mith.31.b = Lat. testudo, overlapping shields, D.C.49.30.2 a kind of frame or cradle, on which heavy weights were moved by means of rollers underneath, Hero Mech. 3.1 (vol. ii p.294 Schmidt).3 footstool, Polem.Hist.44, Hsch., Suid.5 pl., hillocks, LXXHo.12.11.7 a kind of bandage, Heliod. ap. Orib.48.66 tit., Sor.Fasc.56.8 part of a surgical machine, from its slow uniform motion, Orib. 49.4.45. -
17 ἔχω
ἔχω (A), [ per.] 2sg. ἔχεισθα cj. in Thgn. 1316 ( ἔχοισθα cod.), ἔχῃσθα cj. in Sapph.21 ( ἔχεισθα cod.); [ per.] 2sg. subj.Aἔχῃσθα Il.19.180
: [tense] impf. εἶχον, [dialect] Ep.ἔχον Od.2.22
, al., [dialect] Ion. and poet.ἔχεσκον Il.13.257
, Hdt.6.12, Epigr.Gr.988.6 ([place name] Balbilla): [tense] fut. ἕξω, [dialect] Ep. inf.ἑξέμεναι Call.Aet.3.1.27
(of duration) or σχήσω (of momentary action, esp. in sense check, v. infr. A. 11.9, not found in [dialect] Att. Inscrr. or NT); [ per.] 2sg. codd.: [tense] aor. 1 ἔσχης α f.l.in Nonn.D.17.177, alsoἔσχα IG3.1363.6
, 14.1728, [ per.] 3pl. μετ-έσχαν ib.12(7).271.12 (Amorgos, iii A.D.): [tense] aor. 2 ἔσχον, imper. , E.Hipp. 1353 (anap.) ( σχέ only in Orac. ap. Sch.E.Ph. 638 (dub.l.), sts. in compds. in codd., as , ); subj.σχῶ Il.21.309
, etc.; opt.σχοίην Isoc. 1.45
, in compds. σχοῖμι (asμετάσχοιμι S.OC 1484
(lyr.),κατάσχοιμεν Th.6.11
); [ per.] 3pl.σχοίησαν Hyp.Eux.32
,σχοῖεν Th.6.33
; inf.σχεῖν Il. 16.520
, etc., [dialect] Ep.σχέμεν 8.254
(in Alexandr. Gr. [ per.] 3pl. [tense] impf. and [tense] aor. 2εἴχοσαν AP5.208
(Posidipp. or Asclep.), v.l. in Ev.Jo.15.22,ἔσχοσαν Scymn.695
): for the poet. form ἔσχεθον, v. Σχέθω: [tense] pf. , εἴσχηκα in Inscrr. of iii/i B.C., SIG679.54, etc.; [dialect] Ep. ὄχωκα is dub., v. συνόχωκα:—[voice] Med., [tense] impf.εἰχόμην Pi.P.4.244
, etc.: [tense] fut.ἕξομαι Il.9.102
, etc.; σχήσομαι ib. 235, Ar.Av. 1335, more freq. in compds. ( ἀνα-) A.Th. 252, ( παρα-) Lys.9.8, etc.: [tense] pf. [voice] Pass. παρ-έσχημαι in med. sense, X.An.7.6.11, etc.: [tense] aor. 2ἐσχόμην Hom.
, Hdt.6.85, rare in [dialect] Att. exc. in compds.; imper.σχέο Il.21.379
,σχέσθε 22.416
, later σχοῦ in compds. ( ἀνά- ) E. lon947, etc.; inf.σχέσθαι Od.4.422
, Hes.Fr.79:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut. [voice] Med. ἐν-έξομαι in pass. sense, E.Or. 516, D.51.11, laterσχεθήσομαι Gal.UP15.3
, freq. in compds. (συ- ) Phld.Ir.p.83 W., (ἐν- ) Plu.2.98 of, ( ἐπι-) S.E.P.1.186: [tense] aor. 1ἐσχέθην Arr.An.5.7.4
, 6.11.2, Aret.SA2.5, (κατ-, συν-) Plu.Sol. 21, Hp.Int. 45 vulg.: [tense] fut. [voice] Med. σχήσομαι in pass. sense, Il.9.235 (dub.), 655, 13.630: [tense] aor. 2 [voice] Med. in pass. sense,ἐσχόμην Il.17.696
, al., Hdt. 1.31 (σχέτο Il.7.248
, 21.345), part.σχόμενος Od.11.279
, prob. in Isoc.19.11, ( κατα-) Pi.P.1.10, Pl.Phdr. 244e, Parth.33.2 (s.v.l.): [tense] pf.ἔσχημαι Paus.4.21.2
; also in compds., freq. written - ίσχημαι, -ήσχημαι in codd. of late authors. (I.-E. seĝh- (cf. Skt. sáhate 'overpower', Goth. sigis 'victory', Gr. ἔχ- dissim. fr. ἔχ-), reduced form sĝh-(σχ-), whence redupl. ἴσχω ( = si-sĝh-o) (q.v.): cf. ἕκ-τωρ, ἕξω, ἕξις; but hέχ- IG12.374.161, al., is a mere error (ἔχ- ib.12.116.4, 16).)A Trans., have, hold:I possess, of property, the most common usage, Od.2.336, 16.386, etc.; οἵ τι ἔχοντες the propertied class, Hdt.6.22; ὁ ἔχων a wealthy man, S.Aj. 157 (anap.);οἱ ἔχοντες E.Alc.57
, Ar.Eq. 1295, Pl. 596; οἱ οὐκ ἔχοντες the poor, E.Supp. 240;κακὸν τὸ μὴ 'χειν Id.Ph. 405
; ἔχειν χρέα to have debts due to one, D. 36.41, cf. 37.12; to have received,θεῶν ἄπο κάλλος ἐ. h.Ven.77
;τι ἔκ τινος S.OC 1618
;παρά τινος Id.Aj. 663
;πρός τινος X.An.7.6.33
, etc.;ὑπὸ.. θεοῖσι h.Ap. 191
; πλέον, ἔλασσον ἔ.. (v. h. vv.): in [tense] aor., acquire, get, : also [tense] fut.σχήσω, δύναμιν Th.6.6
;λέχος E.Hel.30
, cf. Pi.P.9.116:—[voice] Pass., to be possessed,ἔντεα.. μετὰ Τρώεσσιν ἔχονται Il.18.130
, cf. 197.2 keep, have charge of,ἔχον πατρώϊα ἔργα Od. 2.22
;κῆπον 4.737
;Εἰλείθυιαι.. ὠδῖνας ἔχουσαι Il.11.271
;πύλαι.., ἃς ἔχον Ὧραι 5.749
, 8.393;τὰς ἀγέλας X.Cyr.7.3.7
; διαιτητῶν ἐχόντων τὰς δίκας having control of, D.47.45; to be engaged in, φυλακὰς ἔχον kept watch, Il.9.1, 471;σκοπιὴν ἔχεν Od.8.302
;ἀλαοσκοπιὴν εἶχε Il. 10.515
, 13.10; σκοπιὴν ἔ. τινός for a thing, Hdt.5.13;δυσμενῶν θήραν ἔχων S.Aj. 564
, etc.; ἐν χερσὶν ἔ. τι (v. χείρ).b metaph., of a patient, οὐκ ἔχει ἑωυτόν is not himself, Hp.Int.49.3 c. acc. loci, inhabit,οὐρανόν Il.21.267
;Ὄλυμπον 5.890
; haunt, [Νύμφαι] ἔχουσ' ὀρέων αἰπεινὰ κάρηνα Od.6.123
;Βρόμιος ἔχει τὸν χῶρον A.Eu.24
; esp. of tutelary gods and heroes, Th.2.74, X.Cyr.8.3.24; of men,πόλιν καὶ γαῖαν Od.6.177
, 195, etc.; Θήβας ἔσχον ( ἔσχεν codd.) ruled it, E.HF 4; ἔχεις γὰρ χῶρον occupiest it, S.OC37, cf. Od.23.46; in military sense, ἔ. τὸ δεξιόν (with or without κέρας) Th.3.107, X.An.2.1.15; of beasts,τὰ ὄρη ἔ. Id.Cyn.5.12
.4 have to wife or as husband (usu. without γυναῖκα, ἄνδρα), οὕνεκ' ἔχεις Ἑλένην καί σφιν γαμβρὸς Διός ἐσσι Od. 4.569
, cf.7.313, Il.3.53, etc.;ἔσχε ἄλλην ἀδελφεήν Hdt.3.31
, cf. Th.2.29;νυμφίον Call.Aet.3.1.27
; also of a lover, Th.6.54, AP5.185 (Posidipp.), etc.;ἔχω Λαΐδα, ἀλλ' οὐκ ἔχομαι Aristipp.
ap. D.L.2.75, cf. Ath. 12.544d:—in [voice] Pass.,τοῦ περ θυγάτηρ ἔχεθ' Ἕκτορι Il.6.398
.6 [tense] pres. part. with Verbs, almost, = with,ἤϊε ἔχων ταῦτα Hdt.3.128
, cf. 2.115;ὃς ἂν ἥκῃ ἔχων στρατόν Id.7.8
.δ', cf. X.Cyr.1.6.10.—Prose use.7 of Place, ἐπ' ἀριστερὰ ἔ. τι keep it on one's left, i.e. to keep to the right of it, Od.3.171;ἐπ' ἀριστερὰ χειρὸς ἔ. 5.277
; ἐν δεξιᾷ, ἐν ἀριστερᾷ ἔ., Th.3.106; τοὺς οἰκέτας ὑστάτους ἔ. X.Cyr.4.2.2: but in [tense] aor., get,περιπλώοντες τὴν Λιβύην τὸν ἥλιον ἔσχον ἐς τὰ δεξιά Hdt.4.42
.8 of Habits, States, or Conditions, bodily or mental,γῆρας λυγρὸν ἔ Od.24.250
;ἀνεκτὸν ἔχει κακόν 20.83
;ἕλκος Il.16.517
;λύσσαν 9.305
;μάχην ἔ. 14.57
;ἀρετῆς πέρι δῆριν ἔ. Od.24.515
; ὕβριν ἔ. indulge in.., 1.368, etc.; [ Ἀφροδίτην] 22.445; [φρένας] ἔ. Il.13.394
, etc.;βουλήν 2.344
;τλήμονα θυμόν 5.670
; , cf. Od.14.490 (for later senses of νοῦν ἔχειν, v. νοῦς); ἄλγεα Il.5.895
, etc.;ἄχεα θυμῷ 3.412
;πένθος μετὰ φρεσίν 24.105
;πένθος φρεσίν Od.7.219
;πόνον.. καὶ ὀϊζύν Il.13.2
, Od.8.529;οὐδὲν βίαιον Hdt.3.15
;πρήγματα ἔ. Id.7.147
, cf. Pl.Tht. 174b, etc.: in periphrastic phrases, ποθὴν ἔ. τινός, = ποθεῖν, Il.6.362; ἐπιδευὲς ἔ. τινός, = ἐπιδεύεσθαι, 19.180; ἔ. τέλος, = τελεῖσθαι, 18.378; κότον ἔ. τινί, = κοτεῖσθαι, 13.517;ἐπιθυμίαν τινός E.Andr. 1281
;φροντίδα τινός Id.Med. 1301
; ἡσυχίην ἔ. keep quiet, Hdt.2.45, etc. ([tense] fut.ἡσυχίαν ἕξειν D.47.29
, but οὐκ ἔσθ' ὅπως.. ἡ. σχήσει will not keep still for a moment, Id.1.14); αἰτίαν ἔ. to be accused, X.An.7.1.8;ὑπό τινος A.Eu.99
(but μομφὴν ἔ., = μέμφεσθαι, E.Or. 1069, A.Pr. 445): in [tense] aor., of entering upon a state, ἔσχεν χόλον conceived anger, B. 5.104; ἔχειν τι κατά τινος have something against somebody, Ev.Matt.5.23, Ev.Marc.11.25, Apoc.2.4;ἔχω τι πρός τινα Act.Ap.24.19
;ἔχειν πρός τινα 2 Ep.Cor.5.12
;ἕξει πρὸς τὸν Θεόν JRS14.85
([place name] Laodicea): —these phrases are freq. inverted,οὓς ἔχε γῆρας Il.18.515
;οὐδὲ Ποσειδάωνα γέλως ἔχε Od.8.344
;ἀμηχανίη δ' ἔχε θυμόν 9.295
;θάμβος δ' ἔχεν εἰσορόωντας Il.4.79
;σ' αὔτως κλέος ἐσθλὸν ἔχει 17.143
;Διὸς αἴσῃ, ἥ μ' ἕξει παρὰ νηυσί 9.609
(unless the antecedent is τιμῆς in 1.608);ὥς σφεας ἡσυχίη τῆς πολιορκίης ἔσχε Hdt.6.135
;ὄφρα με βίος ἔχῃ S.El. 225
(lyr.): c. dupl. acc.,φόβος μ' ἔχει φρένας A.Supp. 379
; also of external objects,αἴθρη ἔχει κορυφήν Od.12.76
;μιν ἔχεν μένος ἠελίοιο 10.160
;σε οἶνος ἔχει φρένας 18.331
; ἔχῃ βέλος ὀξὺ γυναῖκα, of a woman in travail, Il.11.269; λόγος ἔχει τινά c. inf., the story goes, that.., S.OC 1573 (lyr.); and so in later Gr., Plu.Dem.28, Ph. 1.331, Ael.VH3.14, NA5.42, Ath.13.592e;ὡς ἡ φάτις μιν ἔχει Hdt. 7.3
, cf. 5,26, 9.78 (but also ; [Κλεισθένης] λόγον ἔχει τὴν Πυθίην ἀναπεῖσαι Id.5.66
); ὡς ἂν λόγος ἔχῃ πρὸς ἀνθρώπους, ὅτι .. Plu.Alex.38:—[voice] Pass.,ἔχεσθαι κακότητι καὶ ἄλγεσι Od.8.182
;κωκυτῷ καὶ οἰμωγῇ Il.22.409
;ὀργῇ Hdt.1.141
;νούσῳ Hp.Epid.5.6
;ἀγρυπνίῃσι Hdt.3.129
;ὑπὸ πυρετοῦ Hp.Aph.4.34
;ὑπὸ τοῦ ὕδρωπος Id.Prorrh.2.6
,ἐν ἀπόρῳ Th.1.25
;ἐν συμφοραῖς Pl.R. 395e
.9 possess mentally, understand,ἵππων δμῆσιν Il.17.476
; ;πάντ' ἔχεις λόγον A. Ag. 582
, cf. E.Alc.51;ἔχετε τὸ πρᾶγμα S.Ph. 789
; ἔχεις τι; do you understand? Ar.Nu. 733: imper. ἔχε attend! listen! Pl.Alc.1.109b; ἔ. οὖν ib. 129b: with imper., ;ἔ. νυν, ἄλειψον Id.Eq. 490
; ἔχεις τοῦτο ἰσχυρῶς; Pl.Tht. 154a; know of a thing,μαντικῆς ὁδόν S.OT 311
; τινὰ σωτηρίαν; E.Or. 778 (troch.).10 keep up, maintain, καναχὴν ἔχε made a rattling noise, Il.16.105, 794; βοὴν ἔχον, of flutes and lyres, 18.495.11 involve, admit of, , cf. Th.1.5;βάσανον Lys.12.31
;ταῦτ' ἀπιστίαν, ταῦτ' ὀργὴν ἔχει D.10.44
; ἀγανάκτησιν, κατάμεμψιν, Th.2.41;τὰ ἀόρατα νοσήματα δυσχερεστέραν ἔχει τὴν θεραπείαν Onos. 1.15
.12 of Measure or Value,τὸ Δαμαρέτειον.. εἶχε Ἀττικὰς δραχμὰς δέκα D.S.11.26
;ἔχει τὸ Εὐβοϊκὸν τάλαντον Ἀλεξανδρείους δραχμὰς ἑπτακισχιλίας App.Sic.2.2
;χοῖρος ἔχων τὸ ὕψος δύο καὶ ἡμίσους πήχεων Ptol.Euerg.9
.b Geom., ἡ ἔχουσα τὰ κέντρα the (straight line) containing the centres, Archim.Aequil.1.6; ὁ κύκλος ἔχων τὸ πολύγωνον the circle containing (circumscribing) the polygon, Id.Sph.Cyl.1.23.13 c. dupl.acc.,Ὀρφέα ἄνακτ' ἔχειν E.Hipp. 953
;Ζῆν' ἔχειν ἐπώμοτον S.Tr. 1188
;παιδιὰν ἔ. τὸν ἐκείνου θάνατον Seleuc.
Alex. ap. Ath.4.155e.II hold:1 hold, ἔ. χερσίν, ἐν χερσίν, μετὰ χερσίν, etc., v. χείρ; μετὰ γαμφηλῇσιν ἔ. Il.13.200; πρόσθεν ἔ. ἀσπίδα ib. 157; ὑψοῦ, πασάων ὑπέρ, ὄπιθεν κάρη ἔ., 6.509, Od.6.107, Il. 23.136; ἔ. τινί τι to hold it for him, as his helper, 9.209, 13.600; uphold,οὐρανὸν.. κεφαλῇ τε καὶ ἀκαμάτῃσι χέρεσσι Hes.Th. 517
, 746; ἔχει δέ τε κίονας of Atlas, Od.1.53;ἐπ' ὤμων πατέρα S.Fr.
373.2 hold fast, χειρὸς ἔχων Μενέλαον holding him by the hand, Il.4.154, cf. 16.763, 11.488 (v. infr. C.I); ἔ. τινὰ μέσον grip one by the middle, of wrestlers, Ar.Nu. 1047;ἔχομαι μέσος Id.Ach. 571
, cf. Eq. 388, Ra. 469: metaph., ἔ. φρεσί keep in one's mind, Il.2.33;νῷ ἔ. τινά Pl.Euthphr.2b
, cf. R. 490a.3 of arms and clothes, bear, wear,εἷμα δ' ἔχ' ἀμφ' ὤμοισι Il.18.538
, cf. 595;παρδαλέην ὤμοισιν ἔ. 3.17
;σάκος ὤμῳ 14.376
;κυνέην κεφαλῇ Od.24.231
;τάδε εἵματ' ἔχω 17.24
, cf. 573, etc.;στολὴν ἀμφὶ σῶμα E.Hel. 554
, cf. X.Cyr.1.4.26, etc.; πολιὰς ἔχω I am grey-haired, Aeschin.1.49: abs., as a category, Arist.Cat. 2a3.4 of a woman, to be pregnant, Hdt.5.41, Hp.Epid.4.21, Arist.Pol. 1335b18; in fullἐν γαστρὶ ἔ. Hdt.3.32
; alsoπρὸς ἑωυτῇ ἔχειν Hp.Epid.1.26
.ιγ.b παῖδα ἔσχεν she had, i.e. bore, a child, Nic.Dam.11 J.7 enclose,φρένες ἧπαρ ἔχουσι Od.9.301
;σάρκας τε καὶ ὀστέα ἶνες ἔ. 11.219
;τοὺς δ' ἄκραντος ἔχει νύξ A.Ch.65
(lyr.); of places, contain,θηρῶν οὓς ὅδ' ἔχει χῶρος S.Ph. 1147
(lyr.), cf. X.Cyn.5.4; [τεῖχος] νῆας ἐντὸς ἔχον Il.12.8
;ὅσσους Κρήτη ἐντὸς ἔχει h.Ap.30
.8 hold or keep in a certain direction, ὀϊστὸν ἔχε aimed it, Il.23.871; more fullyχεῖράς τε καὶ ἔγχεα.. ἀντίον ἀλλήλων 5.569
; of horses or ships, guide, drive, steer, , cf. 11.760;φόβονδε 8.139
;τῇ ῥα.. ἔχον ἵππους 5.752
, etc.;παρὲξ ἔχε δίφρον Hes.Sc. 352
;ὅπῃ ἔσχες.. εὐεργέα νῆα Od.9.279
;παρὰ τὴν ἤπειρον ἔ. νέας Hdt.6.95
, etc.: abs., τῇ ῥ' ἔχε that way he held his course, Il.16.378, cf. 23.422; Πύλονδ' ἔχον I held on to Pylos, Od.3.182, cf. S.El. 720: metaph.,ἐπὶ ῥητορείαν ἔσχε Hsch.Mil.
(?)ap.Sch.Pl.R. 600c; also (esp. in [tense] fut. σχήσω, [tense] aor. 2 ἔσχον), put in, land,νέες ἔσχον ἐς τὴν Ἀργολίδα χώρην Hdt. 6.92
;σχεῖν πρὸς τὴν Σαλαμῖνα Id.8.40
; ἐς Φειάν, τῷ Δήλῳ, κατὰ τὸ Ποσειδώνιον, Th.2.25,3.29, 4.129;τάχ' οὖν τις ἄκων ἔσχε S.Ph. 305
; ποῖ σχήσειν δοκεῖς; Ar.Ra. 188; ἔχε.. ἀρὰν ἐπ' ἄλλοις point it against others, S.Ph. 1119 (lyr.); ὄμμ' ἔ. to turn or keep one's eye fixed, Id.Aj. 191 (lyr.);ἐπὶ ἔργῳ θυμὸν ἔ. Hes.Op. 445
;ἄλλοσ' ὄμμα θητέρᾳ δὲ νοῦν ἔ. S.Tr. 272
;τὸν δὲ νοῦν ἐκεῖσ' ἔχει E.Ph. 360
; δεῦρο νοῦν ἔχε attend to this, Id.Or. 1181; πρός τινα or πρός τι τὸν νοῦν ἔ., Th.3.22, 7.19; soπρός τινα τὴν γνώμην ἔ. Id.3.25
.9 hold in, stay, keep back,ἵππους Il.4.302
, 16.712; check, stop, [ τινα] 23.720, etc. ( σχήσω is usu. [tense] fut. in this sense, , cf. Il.11.820, Ar.Lys. 284, D.19.272, butἕξω Il.13.51
); χεῖρας ἔχων Ἀχιλῆος holding his hands, 18.33; but οὐ σχήσει χεῖρας will not stay his hands, Od.22.70; ἔ. [δάκρυον] 16.191; ἔ. ὀδύνας allay, assuage them, Il.11.848;ἔσχε κῦμα Od.5.451
;σιγῇ μῦθον 19.502
(soεἶχε σιγῇ καὶ ἔφραζε οὐδενί Hdt.9.93
);ἐν φρεσὶ μῦθον Od.15.445
; στόμα σῖγα, ἐν ἡσυχίᾳ, E.Hipp. 660, Fr.773.61 (lyr.); ; πόδα ἔξω or ἐκτός τινος ἔχειν, v. πούς:—[voice] Pass.,οὖρα σχεθέντα Aret.SA 2.5
.10 keep away from, c. gen.rei, τινὰ ἀγοράων, νεῶν, Il.2.275, 13.687; ; : c.inf.,ἦ τινα.. σχήσω ἀμυνέμεναι Il.17.182
; stop, hinder from doing,τοῦ μὴ καταδῦναι X. An.3.5.11
, cf. HG4.8.5;ἔσχον μὴ κτανεῖν E.Andr. 686
, cf. Hdt.1.158, etc.;μὴ οὐ τάδ' ἐξειπεῖν E.Hipp. 658
; ὥστε μή .. X.An.3.5.11;τὸ μὴ ἀδικεῖν A.Eu. 691
, cf. Hdt.5.101: also c. part.,ἔ. τινὰ βουθυτοῦντα S.OC 888
(troch.); .11 keep back, withhold a thing,ὅς οἱ χρήματα εἶχε βίῃ Od.15.231
, cf. D.30.14;Ἕκτορ' ἔχει.. οὐδ' ἀπέλυσεν Il.24.115
, cf. 136; αὐτὸς ἔχε pray keep it, a civil form of declining, E.Cyc. 270.13 with predicate, keep in a condition or place,εἶχον ἀτρέμας σφέας αὐτούς Hdt.9.54
, cf. 53, Ar.Th. 230;ἔ. ἑωυτοὺς κατ' οἴκους Hdt.3.79
;σαυτὸν ἐκποδών A.Pr. 346
, cf. X.Cyr.6.1.37;σῖγα νάπη φύλλ' εἶχε E.Ba. 1085
;τοὺς στρατιώτας πολὺν χρόνον πειθομένους ἔ. X.Cyr.7.2.11
.14 hold, consider,τινὰ θέᾳ ἰκέλαν Sapph. Supp.25.3
(dub.), cf. E.Supp. 164;τινὰ ὡς προφήτην Ev.Matt.14.5
;τινὰ ὅτι προφήτης ἦν Ev.Marc.11.32
;ἔχε με παρῃτημένον Ev.Luc.14.18
, cf.POxy.292.6 (i A.D.).III c.inf., have means or power to do, to be able, c. [tense] aor. inf., Il.7.217, 16.110, etc.: c. [tense] pres. inf., Od.18.364, etc.;πόλλ' ἂν λέγειν ἔχοιμι S.Ph. 1047
: sts. with inf. omitted or supplied from context, ἀλλ' οὔ πως ἔτι εἶχε he could not, Il.17.354; οἷά κ' ἔχωμεν so far as we be able, Od.15.281;ἐξ οἵων ἔχω S.El. 1379
;ὅσον εἶχες E.IA 1452
; .b have to face, be obliged,παθεῖν Porph. Chr.63
;εἰ ἕξω βλαβῆναι Astramps.Orac.p.5
H.;βάπτισμα ἔχω βαπτισθῆναι Ev.Luc.12.50
.2 after Hom., οὐκ ἔχω, folld. by a dependent clause, I know not..,οὐκ εἶχον τίς ἂν γενοίμαν A.Pr. 905
, cf. Isoc.12.130;οὐδ' ἔχω πῶς με χρὴ.. ἀφανίσαι S.OC 1710
;οὐκ ἔχων ὅ τι χρὴ λέγειν X.Cyr.1.4.24
;οὐκ ἔχω ποῖ πέσω S.Tr. 705
;ὅπως μολούμεθ' οὐκ ἔχω Id.OC 1743
; the two constructions combined,οὐ γὰρ εἴχομεν οὔτ' ἀντιφωνεῖν οὔθ' ὅπως.. πράξαιμεν Id.Ant. 270
.IV impers. c. acc., there is.. (as in Mod. Gr.),ἔχει δὲ φυλακτήριον πρὸς τὸ μή σε καταπεσεῖν PMag.Par.1.2505
, cf. 1262, 1840.B intrans., hold oneself, i.e. keep, so and so, ἔχον [οὕτως], ὥς τε τάλαντα γυνή (sc. ἔχει) kept balanced, like the scales which.., Il.12.433; ἕξω δ' ὡς ὅτε τις στερεὴ λίθος I will keep unmoved, as a stone.., Od.19.494, cf. Il.13.679, 24.27;νωλεμέως ἐχέμεν 5.492
; ἔγχος ἔχ' ἀτρέμας it kept still, 13.557; σχὲς οὗπερ εἶ keep where thou art, S.OC 1169;ἕξειν κατὰ χώραν Ar.Ra. 793
, cf. Hdt.6.42, X.Oec.10.10; διὰ φυλακῆς ἔχοντες to keep on their guard, Th.2.81; ἔχε ἠρέμα keep still, Pl.Cra. 399e, etc.; ἔχε δή stay now, Id.Prt. 349e, Grg. 460a, etc.;ἔχ' αὐτοῦ D.45.26
.64 with Preps., to be engaged or busy, (lyr.), X.An.5.2.26, etc.;περί τινας Id.HG7.4.28
.II simply, be,ἑκὰς εἶχον Od.12.435
;ἔ. κατ' οἴκους Hdt.6.39
;περὶ πολλῶν ἔ. πρηγμάτων Id.3.128
; ἀγῶνα διὰ πάσης ἀγωνίης ἔχοντα consisting in.., Id.2.91;ἔ. ἐν ἀνάγκαισι E.Ba. 88
(lyr.);ὅπου συμφορᾶς ἔχεις Id.El. 238
;ἐκποδὼν ἔχειν Id.IT 1226
, etc.2 freq. with Advbs. of manner,εὖ ἔχει Od.24.245
, etc.; καλῶς ἔχει, κακῶς ἔχει, it is, is going on well or ill, v. καλός, κακός (but [tense] fut. σχήσειν καλῶς will turn out well, D.1.9, cf. 18.45; ); οὕτως.. σχεῖν to turn out, happen thus, Pl.Ap. 39b; οὕτως ἔχει so the case stands, Ar.Pl. 110; οὕτως ἐχόντων, Lat. cum res ita se habeant, X.An.3.2.10;ὡς ὧδ' ἐχόντων S.Aj. 981
;οὕτω χρὴ διὰ στέρνων ἔχειν Id.Ant. 639
;οὕτως ἔ. περί τινος X.Mem.4.8.7
, cf. Hdt.6.16;πρός τι D. 9.45
;τῇδ' ἔ. S.Ph. 1336
;κοσμίως ἔ. Ar.Th. 854
;ἥδιον ἔ. πρός τινας D.9.63
; ὡς εἶχε just as he was, Hdt.1.114;ὥσπερ εἶχε Th.1.134
, X. HG4.1.30; ὡς ἔχω how I am, Ar.Lys. 610;ὥσπερ ἔχομεν Th.3.30
;τἀναντία εἶχεν D.9.41
; ἀσφαλέως, ἀναγκαίως ἔχει, = ἀσφαλές, ἀναγκαῖόν ἐστι, Hdt.1.86,9.27; καλῶς ἔχει no, I thank you, v. καλός.b c. gen. modi, εὖ ἔ. τινός to be well off for a thing, abound in it; καλῶς ἔ. μέθης to be well off for drink, i.e. to be pretty well drunk, Hdt. 5.20; σπόρου ἀνακῶς ἐ. to be busy with sowing, Id.8.109; εὖ ἐ. φρενῶν, σώματος, E.Hipp. 462, Pl.R. 404d;εὖ ὥρας ἔχον χωρίον Poll.5.108
; cf. ἥκω; so ὡς ποδῶν εἶχον as fast as they could go, Hdt.6.116, 9.59;ὡς τάχεος εἶχε ἕκαστος Id.8.107
;ὡς.. τις εὐνοίας ἢ μνήμης ἔχοι Th.1.22
;ὡς ὀργῆς ἔχω S.OT 345
, cf. E.Hel. 313, 857, etc.; πῶς ἔχεις δόξης; Pl.R. 456d;οὕτω τρόπου ἔχεις X.Cyr.7.5.56
;μετρίως ἔ. βίου Hdt.1.32
;ὑγιεινῶς ἔ. αὐτὸς αὑτοῦ καὶ σωφρόνως Pl.R. 571d
;οὐκ εὖ σεαυτοῦ τυγχάνεις ἔχων Philem.4.11
: also c. acc.,εὖ ἔ. τὸ σῶμα καὶ τὴν ψυχήν Pl.Grg. 464a
, cf. X.Oec.21.7: c. dat.,οὕτως ἐχόντων τούτων τῇ φύσει D.18.315
;πῶς ἔχετε ταῖς διανοίαις Lycurg.75
;τῇ λέξει κακῶς ἔ. Isoc.9.10
.3 lead towards,ὁδοὶ ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμὸν ἔ. Hdt.1.180
, cf. 191, 2.17; ἔ. εἴς τι to be directed, point towards,ἔχθρης ἐχούσης ἐς Ἀθηναίους Id.5.81
; τὸ ἐς τοὺς Ἀργείους ἔχον what concerns them, Id.6.19; ταῦτα ἐς τὴν ἀπόστασιν ἔχοντα ib.2, etc.; of Place, extend, reach to,ἐπ' ὅσον ἔποψις τοῦ ἱροῦ εἶχε Id.1.64
.IV after Hom., ἔχω as auxiliary, c. [tense] aor. part. giving a perfect sense,κρύψαντες ἔχουσι Hes.Op.42
;ἀποκληΐσας ἔχεις Hdt.1.37
;ἐγκλῄσασ' ἔχει Ar.Ec. 355
, cf. Th. 706; freq. in S.,θαυμάσας ἔχω OC 1140
, cf. Ant.22, al.: also in late Prose,ἀναλώσας ἔχεις Aristid. Or.18(20).1
;ὅς σφε νῦν ἀτιμάσας ἔχει E.Med.33
: less freq. c. [tense] pf. part., S.OT 701, Ph. 600, X.An.1.3.14,4.7.1: rarely c. [tense] pres. part., (lyr.), cf. X.Cyn.10.11.2 part. ἔχων, with [tense] pres., adds a notion of duration to that of present action, τί κυπτάζεις ἔ.; why do you keep poking about there? Ar.Nu. 509; τί δῆτα διατρίβεις ἔ.; why then keep wasting time? Id.Ec. 1151; τί γὰρ ἕστηκ' ἔ.; ib. 853, cf. Th. 473, 852: without interrog., φλυαρεῖς ἔ., ἔ. φλυαρεῖς, you keep chattering, Pl.Grg. 490e, Euthd. 295c;κακοῦν ἔχοντ' αὐτὸν ἀποκτιννύναι D.23.35
(and so possiblyἐνεργεῖ ἔ. Arist.Metaph. 1072b23
);παίσδεις ἔ. Theoc.14.8
: so in later Prose,παίζεις ἔ. Luc. Icar.24
; but ῥιπτεῖς ἔ.; do you throw away the prize when it is in your grasp? Aristid.1.443 J.C [voice] Med., hold oneself fast, cling closely,τῷ προσφὺς ἐχόμην Od. 12.433
, cf. Il.1.513, etc.;πρὸς ἀλλήλῃσιν Od.5.329
: mostly c. gen., hold on by, cling to, [ πέτρης] ib. 429;χερσὶν ἀώτου 9.435
;βρετέων A. Th.98
(lyr.);ἑξόμεσθάσου Ar.Pl. 101
; τῆς πληγῆς ἔχ εται claps his hand on the place struck, D.4.40.2 metaph., cleave, cling to,ἔργου Hdt. 8.11
, X.HG7.2.19; (iii A.D.);τῶν πραγμάτων Jul. Or.1.19a
; βιοτᾶς, ἐλπίδος, E. Ion 491, Fr. 409;τῆς αὐτῆς γνώμης Th.1.140
; lay hold on, take advantage of,τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἔχεο Thgn.32
;προφάσιος ἔχεσθαι Hdt.6.94
; fasten upon, attack, D.18.79; lay claim to,ἀμφοτέρων τῶν ἐπωνυμιέων Hdt.2.17
; to be zealous for, [ μάχης] S.OC 424; ;κοινῇ τῆς σωτηρίας X.An.6.3.17
, etc.3 come next to, follow closely, ib.1.8.4;ἕπεσθαι ἐχομένους ὅτι μάλιστα τῶν ἁρμάτων Id.Cyr.7.1.9
; of peoples or places, to be close, border on, c. gen., Hdt.4.169, Th.2.96, etc.; freq. in part., τὴν ἐχομένην [τῶν νεωρίων] στοάν Aen. Tact.11.3; οἱ ἐ. the neighbouring people, Hdt.1.134; ὁ ἐχόμενος the next man, Aen.Tact.22.27; of Time, τὸ ἐχόμενον ἔτος the next year, Th.6.3;ὁ ἐ. διαλογισμός PRev.Laws 16.15
(iii B.C.); τὰ ἐχόμενα τούτοις what follows, Pl.Grg. 494e (withoutτούτοις Isoc.6.29
).5 pertain to,ὅσα ἔχεται τῶν αἰσθήσεων Pl.Lg. 661b
;ἃ διδασκάλων εἴχετο Id.Prt. 319e
;ὅσα τέχνης ἔχεται Id.Men. 94b
, etc.: esp. in Hdt. in periphrases, τὰ τῶν ὀνειράτων, καρπῶν ἐχόμενα, 1.120, 193;ὀρνίθων ἢ ἰχθύων 2.77
; σιτίων, ἐσθῆτος, 3.25,66.II bear or hold for oneself, κρήδεμνα ἄντα παρειάων σχομένη before her cheeks, Od.1.334; ἀσπίδα πρόσθ' ἔσχετο his shield, Il.12.294, cf. 298, 20.262.IV keep oneself back, abstain or refrain from, ἀϋτῆς, μάχης, 2.98, 3.84;βίης Od.4.422
;ἐχώμεθα δηϊοτῆτος ἐκ βελέων Il.14.129
;τῆς ἀγωγῆς Hdt.6.85
;τῆς τιμωρίης Id.7.169
;τῶν ἀθίκτων S.OT 891
(lyr., s.v.l.): c.inf., A.R.1.328; ; κακῶν ἄπο χεῖρας ἔχεσθαι to keep one's hands from ill, Od.22.316;Μενέλεω σχέσθαι χέρα E.Rh. 174
: abs., σχέο, σχέσθε, hold! cease! Il.21.379, 22.416.V [voice] Pass. ofἔχω B. 1
, ἐπὶ ξυροῦ ἀκμῆς ἔχεται ἡμῖν τὰ πρήγματα are balanced on.., Hdt.6.11.------------------------------------ἔχω (B), -
18 σκέπας
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `shelter, protection, cover' (Od., E., Lyc, AP a.o.), pl. acc. σκέπᾰ (Hes. Op. 532; Sommer Μν. χάριν 2, 147); σκέπη f. `cover, screen, protection' (IA.).Compounds: As 2. member - σκεπής ( σκέπος only EM), e.g. ἀνεμο-σκεπής `screening from wind' (Π 224); also connected with σκέπω as περι-, κατα-σκεπ-ής a. o.Derivatives: Besides σκέπω, only pres. a. ipf. (Hp., Plb., most late), σκεπάω only 3. pl. σκεπόωσι (ν 99; σκεπάουσι v.l. Theoc. 16, 81); furher σκεπ-άζω, aor. - άσαι, as σκέπω also w. κατα-, περι-, ἐπι- a. o. (IA., hell. a. late) `to cover, to screen, (from something) to protect'. -- From σκέπω: 1. σκεπ-ανός `screening, protecting' (Opp., AP), - ανον (- ανος) n. (m.) `cover, protection' (AP); also (from σκέπας, -η?) - εινός (- η-, - ι-) `id.', also `protected' (Skymn., LXX, medic. a. o.; after αἰπεινός etc.); unclear σκέπανος (- ι-) m. fishname, `tuna'? (Opp., Dorio ap. Ath.; cf. Strömberg Fischn. 128, Thompson Fishes s. v.); 2. περίσκεπ-τος = περισκεπής, `protected all around': περισκέπτῳ ἐνὶ χώρῳ (Od.; or `visible all around', to σκέπτομαι?; cf. below); 3. as first member in the governing comp. σκεπ-ώνιον n. `store-house' (pap. IIIp). -- From σκεπάζω: σκέπ-ασμα n. `cover' (Pl., Arist. etc.), - ασις f. (LXX), - ασμός m. (EM) `cover'; - αστής m. `screener, protector' (LXX), - αστικός (Arist. etc.), - αστήριος (D.S., D.H. etc.) `covering, protecting', - αστρον n. `cover, veil' (Sm.), ( παρα-) - άστρα f. `bandage' (Gal.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: As the seemingly primary σκέπω is only late attested, the question rises, whether it must not be understood as backformation to the denominative σκεπάζω (Schwyzer 684) or to σκέπ-η (cf. στέγ-ω: -η), - ας. Against it speaks only the ep. verbal adj. περίσκεπτος, which however is used only in a standing expression in the Od. and perh. as later (Arat., Call. a. o.) must be connected with σκέπτομαι. -- Isolated. Since Berneker connected wiht a formally and phonetically deviant Balto-Slav. word for `cap, hood', e.g. Lith. kepùre, Russ. čepéc; s. Fraenkel and Vasmer w. further forms and lit.Page in Frisk: 2,724-725Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σκέπας
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19 ποιμαίνω
ποιμαίνω (ποιμήν) fut. ποιμανῶ; 1 aor. ἐποίμανα Ps 77:72, impv. 2 pl. ποιμάνατε 1 Pt 5:2; fut. pass. 2 sg. ποιμανθήσῃ Ps 36:3 (Hom.+) ‘to herd, act as a shepherd’.① to serve as tender of sheep, herd, tend, (lead to) pasture (Did., Gen. 60, 12), w. acc. (Jos., Ant. 2, 264) π. ποίμνην tend a flock 1 Cor 9:7. Abs. (Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 13 Jac.; Jos., Ant. 1, 309) δοῦλος ποιμαίνων a slave tending sheep Lk 17:7.—Dalman (as cited under ἀμφιβάλλω).② to watch out for other people, to shepherd, of activity that protects, rules, governs, fosters, fig. ext. of 1:ⓐ in the sense of lead, guide, or rule (Eur., Fgm. 744 TGF στρατόν; Ps.-Lucian, Amor. 54 τ. ἀμαθεῖς).α. w. imagistic detail prominently in mind: of the direction of a congregation ποιμαίνειν τὸ ποίμνιον τοῦ θεοῦ tend God’s flock 1 Pt 5:2 (PsSol 17:40 ποιμαίνων τὸ ποίμνιον κυρίου ἐν πίστει κ. δικαιοσύνῃ). ποίμαινε τὰ πρόβατά μου J 21:16.β. w. imagistic detail retreating into the background (cp. 1 Ch 11:2; Mi 7:14; Jer 23:2): of the administration of a congregation ποιμ. τὴν ἐκκλησίαν τοῦ θεοῦ Ac 20:28.—Of the Messiah ποιμανεῖ τὸν λαόν μου Ἰσραήλ (cp. 2 Km 5:2; 7:7.—Himerius, Or. 39 [=Or. 5], 8 Ἀττικὴ Μοῦσα ποιμαίνει τὴν πόλιν, i.e. Thessalonica) Mt 2:6. Of death: θάνατος ποιμανεῖ αὐτούς 1 Cl 51:4 (Ps 48:15). The latter pass. forms a transition to several others in whichγ. the activity as ‘shepherd’ has destructive results (cp. Jer 22:22 and s. ELohmeyer, Hdb. on Rv 2:27) ποιμανεῖ αὐτοὺς ἐν ῥάβδῳ σιδηρᾷ (after Ps 2:9) Rv 2:27; 12:5; 19:15 (cp. Heraclitus Fgm. 11 πᾶν ἑρπετὸν πληγῇ νέμεται=everything that creeps is shepherded by a blow [from God]. Pla., Critias 109b alludes to this).ⓑ protect, care for, nurture (Aeschyl., Eumen. 91 ἱκέτην; Pla., Lys. 209a τὸ σῶμα) αὐτούς Rv 7:17 (cp. Ps 22:1; Ezk 34:23). π. ἑαυτόν look after oneself i.e. care for oneself alone (cp. Ezk 34:2) Jd 12.—B. 146. DELG s.v. ποιμήν. M-M. TW.
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